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ABB Relion SAM600-IO Operation Manual
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ABB Relion SAM600-IO Operation Manual

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Switchgear control unit SAM600-IO
Version 2.2
Operation manual

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  • Page 1 ® Relion SAM600 Switchgear control unit SAM600-IO Version 2.2 Operation manual...
  • Page 3 Document ID: 1MRK 500 131-UEN Issued: June 2021 Revision: C Product version: 2.2 © 2017 - 2021 Hitachi Power Grids. All rights reserved...
  • Page 4 Young (eay@cryptsoft.com) and Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com). Trademarks ABB is a registered trademark of ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd. Manufactured by/for a Hitachi Power Grids company. All other brand or product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
  • Page 5 Disclaimer The data, examples and diagrams in this manual are included solely for the concept or product description and are not to be deemed as a statement of guaranteed properties. All persons responsible for applying the equipment addressed in this manual must satisfy themselves that each intended application is suitable and acceptable, including that any applicable safety or other operational requirements are complied with.
  • Page 6 Conformity This product complies with the directive of the Council of the European Communities on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC Directive 2004/108/EC) and concerning electrical equipment for use within specified voltage limits (Low-voltage directive 2006/95/EC).

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Table of contents Table of contents Section 1 Introduction....................5 This manual...........................5 Intended audience.........................5 Product documentation......................6 1.3.1 Product documentation set....................6 1.3.2 Document revision history....................7 1.3.3 Related documents......................7 Document symbols and conventions..................8 1.4.1 Symbols..........................8 1.4.2 Document conventions......................8 Section 2...
  • Page 8 Table of contents 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C 5.1.4 Turning the display backlight on..................28 5.1.5 Identifying the device......................28 5.1.6 Adjusting the display contrast....................29 5.1.7 Navigating in the menu......................29 5.1.7.1 Menu structure......................29 5.1.7.2 Scrolling the display..................... 30 5.1.7.3 Changing the default view....................30 5.1.8 Browsing setting values.....................31 5.1.9...
  • Page 9 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Table of contents Section 8 Troubleshooting ..................51 Fault tracing.........................51 8.1.1 Identifying hardware errors....................51 8.1.2 Identifying runtime errors....................51 8.1.3 Identifying blocked functions..................... 51 8.1.4 Identifying communication errors..................51 8.1.4.1 Checking the communication link operation..............52 8.1.4.2 Checking the time synchronization................52 8.1.5 Diagnosing the IED status via the LHMI hint menu............52 Indication messages......................53...

  • Page 11: Introduction

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 1 Introduction Section 1 Introduction This manual GUID-AB423A30-13C2-46AF-B7FE-A73BB425EB5F v20 The operation manual contains instructions on how to operate the IED once it has been commissioned. The manual provides instructions for the monitoring, controlling and setting of the IED.

  • Page 12: Product Documentation

    Section 1 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Introduction Product documentation 1.3.1 Product documentation set GUID-3AA69EA6-F1D8-47C6-A8E6-562F29C67172 v16 Engineering manual Installation manual Commissioning manual Operation manual Application manual Technical manual Communication protocol manual Cyber security deployment guideline IEC07000220-4-en.vsd IEC07000220 V4 EN-US Figure 1: The intended use of manuals throughout the product lifecycle The engineering manual contains instructions on how to engineer the IEDs using the various tools available within the PCM600 software.

  • Page 13: Document Revision History

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 1 Introduction The application manual contains application descriptions and setting guidelines sorted per function. The manual can be used to find out when and for what purpose a typical protection function can be used. The manual can also provide assistance for calculating settings. The technical manual contains operation principle descriptions, and lists function blocks, logic diagrams, input and output signals, setting parameters and technical data, sorted per function.

  • Page 14: Document Symbols And Conventions

    Section 1 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Introduction Document symbols and conventions 1.4.1 Symbols GUID-2945B229-DAB0-4F15-8A0E-B9CF0C2C7B15 v13 The electrical warning icon indicates the presence of a hazard which could result in electrical shock. The warning icon indicates the presence of a hazard which could result in personal injury.

  • Page 15: Safety Information

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 2 Safety information Section 2 Safety information Symbols on the product GUID-E48F2EC3-6AB8-4ECF-A77E-F16CE45CA5FD v4 All warnings must be observed. Read the entire manual before doing installation or any maintenance work on the product. Class 1 Laser product. Take adequate measures to protect your eyes and do not view directly with optical instruments.

  • Page 16: Caution Signs

    Section 2 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Safety information M2369-2 v3 Always connect the IED to protective earth, regardless of the operating conditions. This also applies to special occasions such as bench testing, demonstrations and off-site configuration. This is class 1 equipment that shall be earthed. M2372-2 v1 Never remove any screw from a powered IED or from a IED connected to powered circuitry.

  • Page 17: Environmental Aspects

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 3 Environmental aspects Section 3 Environmental aspects Sustainable development GUID-573C2931-CBB2-4E7D-A067-D8246CC7A52F v7 Sustainability has been taken into account from the beginning of the product design including the pro-environmental manufacturing process, long life time, operation reliability and disposing of the IED.

  • Page 19: Overview

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 4 Overview Section 4 Overview GUID-0AFD09C7-371E-4895-8125-38DD18A7A0F2 v7 User interface 4.1.1 Introduction GUID-B5F4628D-9A5F-4B5B-9B93-89554BA2337D v2 Local human-machine interface LHMI is not supported in SAM600-IO. However, the user interface functionality can be achieved using: • Protection and Control IED Manager PCM600 •...

  • Page 20: Sam600-Io Lhmi Service Kit

    Section 4 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Overview SAM600-IO LHMI service kit GUID-E29D6926-539D-4BB2-BEBE-C1FF7E919BDC v2 The SAM600-IO LHMI service kit should only be used as a temporary local human-machine interface (LHMI) to help the user to trouble shoot a device in field when status information in PCM600 is limited.
  • Page 21 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 4 Overview IEC15000270-1-en.vsdx IEC15000270 V1 EN-US Figure 3: Display layout 1 Path 2 Content 3 Status 4 Scroll bar (appears when needed) • The path shows the current location in the menu structure. If the path is too long to be shown, it is truncated from the beginning, and the truncation is indicated with three dots.

  • Page 22: Keypad

    Section 4 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Overview IEC17000106-1-en.vsd IEC17000106 V1 EN-US Figure 4: Truncated path The display is updated either cyclically or based on changes in the source data such as parameters or events. 4.3.2 Keypad AMU0600428 v19 The LHMI keypad contains push-buttons which are used to navigate in different views or menus. The push-buttons are also used to acknowledge alarms, reset indications, provide help and switch between local and remote control mode.
  • Page 23 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 4 Overview IEC17000107-1-en.vsd IEC17000107 V1 EN-US Figure 5: LHMI keypad with object control, navigation and command push-buttons and RJ-45 communication port 1...5 Function button (Not in use for SAM600-IO with LHMI service kit) Close (Not in use for SAM600-IO with LHMI service kit) Open (Not in use for SAM600-IO with LHMI service kit) Escape Left...

  • Page 24: Local Hmi Functionality

    Section 4 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Overview Navigation The arrow buttons are used for navigation. To scroll information, press the arrow button several times or simply keep it pressed down. Table 2: Navigation push-buttons Name Description • Leaving setting mode without saving the values. •...

  • Page 25: Front Communication

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 4 Overview Table 4: Ready LED (green) LED state Description Auxiliary supply voltage is disconnected. Normal operation. Flashing Internal fault has occurred. Table 5: Start LED (yellow) LED state Description Normal operation. A protection function has started and an indication message is displayed. The start indication is latching and must be reset via communication, LHMI or binary input on the LEDGEN component.

  • Page 26: Parameter Management

    Section 4 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Overview Ensure not to change the default IP address of the IED. Connect only a single local PC with PCM600 to the front port. It is only intended for temporary use, such as commissioning and testing. 4.4.3 Parameter management GUID-5EE466E3-932B-4311-9FE1-76ECD8D6E245 v9...

  • Page 27: Authorization

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 4 Overview Authorization GUID-981A881D-9229-45E8-9EE5-D6DF2CA457E5 v6 User roles with different user rights are predefined in the IED. It is recommended to use user defined users instead of the predefined built-in users. The IED users can be created, deleted and edited only with PCM600. One user can belong to one or several user roles.

  • Page 28: Communication

    Section 4 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Overview Table 9: Authority-related IED functions Function Description Authority status This function is an indication function block for user logon activity. ATHSTAT User denied attempt to log-on and user successful logon are reported. Authority check To safeguard the interests of our customers, both the IED and the tools that are accessing ATHCHCK...
  • Page 29 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 4 Overview Protocols supported by SAM600–IO communication port: Communication media Protocols supported Ethernet (fiber-optic multimode LC connector 100BASE- IEC 61850, FTP, PTP, HSR, PRP, SNTPv4 (RFC2030) FX or 100BASE-TX with connector RJ45) SFP - Galvanic RJ45 The IED supports SNTPv4 (RFC2030), PTP or Binary time synchronization methods with a time- stamping resolution of 1 ms or better.

  • Page 31: Using The Hmi

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 5 Using the HMI Section 5 Using the HMI Using the local HMI GUID-235278D0-97C9-4F0F-A521-C7DFA8600C4E v7 At delivery, logging on is not required and the user has full access until users and passwords are created with PCM600 and written into the IED or Centralized Account Management is enabled. Commands, changing parameter values and resetting indications, for example, are actions requiring password when the password protection is activated.

  • Page 32: Logging On

    Section 5 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Using the HMI IEC15000064.vsdx IEC15000064 V1 EN-US 5.1.2 Logging on GUID-E0F937A9-78EC-4528-AB34-FD6EC79A7815 v5 Press to activate the login procedure. The login is also activated when attempting a password-protected operation. Press to activate the User field. If CAM is activated an on-screen keyboard is shown.

  • Page 33: Logging Off

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 5 Using the HMI IEC12000157-3-en.vsd IEC12000157 V3 EN-US Figure 10: Entering the password Passwords are case sensitive. Only characters A - Z, a - z and 0 - 9 shall be used in user names. User names are not case sensitive.

  • Page 34: Turning The Display Backlight On

    Section 5 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Using the HMI Press To confirm logoff, select Yes and press IEC12000159-3-en.vsd IEC12000159 V3 EN-US Figure 14: Logging off • To cancel logoff, press 5.1.4 Turning the display backlight on AMU0600409 v9 The display backlight is normally off. It turns on at power up. •...

  • Page 35: Adjusting The Display Contrast

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 5 Using the HMI IEC13000238-1-en.vsdx IEC13000238 V1 EN-US Figure 15: Selecting a submenu Enter the submenu with Browse the information with 5.1.6 Adjusting the display contrast AMU0600410 v7 Adjust the display contrast anywhere in the menu structure to obtain optimal readability. •...

  • Page 36: Scrolling The Display

    Section 5 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Using the HMI • Events • Measurements • Disturbance records • Settings • Configuration • Diagnostics • Test • Clear • Authorization (only if authority is activated) 5.1.7.2 Scrolling the display AMU0600414 v11 If a menu contains more rows than the display can show at a time, a scroll bar is displayed on the right.

  • Page 37: Browsing Setting Values

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 5 Using the HMI 5.1.8 Browsing setting values GUID-81116DC8-1E66-4144-920F-07C79F1C76B0 v6 Select Main menu/Settings/IED Settings and press Press and then to activate the setting group number selection. IEC13000241-1-en.vsd GUID-5196A07A-9DAF-4696-8773-F52ADC155C44 V1 EN-US Figure 18: Selecting the setting group number Press to select the setting group number.

  • Page 38: Editing Numerical Values

    Section 5 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Using the HMI 5.1.9.1 Editing numerical values AMU0600415 v14 Select Main menu /Settings and then a setting. The last digit of the value is active. IEC17000244-1-en.vsd IEC17000244 V1 EN-US Figure 21: Last digit is active and it can be increased or decreased Press to increase or to decrease the value of an active digit.

  • Page 39: Editing String Values

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 5 Using the HMI IEC17000245-1-en.vsd IEC17000245 V1 EN-US Figure 22: Restoring the previous value 5.1.9.2 Editing string values AMU0600416 v9 Unicode characters that are not found on the on-screen keyboard can be used if the string is edited in PCM600.

  • Page 40: Editing Enumerated Values

    Section 5 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Using the HMI IEC15000063.vsdx IEC15000063 V1 EN-US Edit the string using the on-screen keyboard. Select OK on the on-screen keyboard or press while the string editing field is focused to accept the entered string is accepted and the editing dialog is closed. 5.1.9.3 Editing enumerated values AMU0600417 v6...

  • Page 41: Clearing And Acknowledging

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 5 Using the HMI After changing the parameters marked with !, the IED restarts automatically for the changes to take effect. 5.1.11 Clearing and acknowledging AMU0600425 v10 The Clear button is used to reset, acknowledge or clear all messages and indications, including LEDs and latched outputs as well as registers and recordings.
  • Page 42 Section 5 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Using the HMI IEC13000065-2-en.vsd IEC13000065 V2 EN-US Figure 25: Help menu Switchgear control unit SAM600-IO Operation manual © 2017 - 2021 Hitachi Power Grids. All rights reserved...

  • Page 43: Ied Operation

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 6 IED operation Section 6 IED operation Normal operation GUID-25794CEB-1F3A-452E-92B4-DDAD6F058CAF v6 In a normal IED use situation, the basic operation includes monitoring and checking procedures. • Monitoring measured values • Checking object states • Checking function setting parameters •...

  • Page 44: Disturbance Reports

    Section 6 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C IED operation 6.2.3 Disturbance reports GUID-4191AAA0-EA7E-4C74-9B8E-EC44FC390919 v3 PCM600 can be used for creating reports of disturbance recorder data. For more information, see PCM600 documentation. 6.2.4 IED self-supervision GUID-FFF9F2C4-B04B-40BD-A636-8D430DBA69CF v10 The IED self-supervision handles internal run-time fault situations. If the IED has a problem, the internal fail relay is activated and the green Ready LED is flashing.

  • Page 45: Ied Settings For Ied Functionality

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 6 IED operation Document all changes to parameter settings. For more information, see PCM600 documentation. 6.3.1 IED settings for IED functionality GUID-A0878EB9-66F3-4839-AE1C-C41AB9463271 v4 Function settings can be edited one by one by navigating to the individual setting values, for example via the LHMI.

  • Page 47: Operating Procedures

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 7 Operating procedures Section 7 Operating procedures Monitoring 7.1.1 Indications GUID-E3CC6AB4-D6C4-4504-A0F2-CA76EA3D7FCD v10 The operation of the IED can be monitored through the green Ready LED on the LHMI service kit. If the green LED is flashing, it indicates that an internal error has occurred. When SAM600-IO is connected to PCM600, following status and events can be monitored: •...

  • Page 48: Recorded Data

    Section 7 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Operating procedures IEC13000247-1-en.vsd GUID-6FC25881-990D-4288-8206-7F807044F572 V2 EN-US Figure 27: Fault indication The internal event list is not updated dynamically. To update the list, leave the Internal events menu and then select it again. 7.1.2 Recorded data GUID-1E9CFEC1-6245-4612-B637-821951B95D60 v7 The IED is provided with intelligent and flexible functionality that collects different kinds of data.

  • Page 49: Monitoring Disturbance Recorder Data

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 7 Operating procedures IEC13000261-1-en.vsd GUID-D18A9DC0-4392-4BAF-86D0-C43F2714B428 V1 EN-US Figure 28: Manual triggering The disturbance recorder is now triggered. 7.1.2.2 Monitoring disturbance recorder data GUID-CBA8221F-A0F8-4043-98D7-577830F29F7F v6 Read individual disturbance recordings from the IED with the PCM600 software to monitor disturbance recorder data.

  • Page 50: Controlling And Reading Disturbance Recorder Data

    Section 7 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Operating procedures IEC13000263-1-en.vsd GUID-D6F5E45F-12FE-40E7-9C3F-8CA82DB8498C V1 EN-US Figure 30: Disturbance record data categories To select a category and view the items under it, press and then 7.1.2.3 Controlling and reading disturbance recorder data GUID-E128266D-1DB5-4437-963F-D3DE8FF0FF32 v7 Disturbance recorder data can be controlled and read with PCM600.

  • Page 51: Remote Monitoring

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 7 Operating procedures IEC13000264-1-en.vsd GUID-11970631-EFA2-429B-B4A6-D7E28DC120B6 V1 EN-US Figure 31: Monitoring events The event list is not updated dynamically. To update the list, leave the Events menu and then select it again. 7.1.3 Remote monitoring GUID-4813E67F-5F17-48A7-A083-27E006A5B386 v1 The IED supports comprehensive remote monitoring.

  • Page 52: Changing The Ied Functionality

    Section 7 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Operating procedures IEC17000246-1-en.vsd IEC17000246 V1 EN-US Figure 32: Clear view The content of the Clear menu depends on the configuration configured with PCM600. Select the item to be cleared with Press , select OK to confirm the selection or Cancel to cancel the selection. To clear other items, repeat the steps.

  • Page 53: Browsing And Editing Setting Group Values

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 7 Operating procedures IEC13000235-1-en.vsd GUID-9BC3D595-CF08-42AF-B74E-0D3970A552DB V1 EN-US Figure 33: Active setting group Select the setting group with Press to confirm the selection or to cancel. Commit the settings. Remember to document the changes you make. 7.3.1.2 Browsing and editing setting group values GUID-5624E7E4-1D14-469A-BF86-8BD560B72F9D v5...
  • Page 54 Section 7 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Operating procedures IEC17000108-1-en.vsd IEC17000108 V1 EN-US Figure 36: Selecting the function category To browse the function blocks, scroll the list with Function blocks available depend on the application configuration. To move back to the list, press To select a function block, press IEC17000109-1-en.vsd...
  • Page 55 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 7 Operating procedures IEC17000110-1-en.vsd IEC17000110 V1 EN-US Figure 38: Changing the setting value Press to change the value. Confirm the change with Switchgear control unit SAM600-IO Operation manual © 2017 - 2021 Hitachi Power Grids. All rights reserved...

  • Page 57: Troubleshooting

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 8 Troubleshooting Section 8 Troubleshooting Fault tracing GUID-95469C89-5698-4BD4-B757-1A1748FBF133 v1 There is no LHMI in SAM600-IO. The LHMI on the service kit can be used for troubleshooting. For more information on service kit, refer to Section User interface.

  • Page 58: Checking The Communication Link Operation

    Section 8 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Troubleshooting 8.1.4.1 Checking the communication link operation GUID-A1815C16-1AB7-4DEE-8E9B-0BF91DDEE72C v9 There are several different communication links on the product. First check that all communication ports that are used for communication are turned on. Use LHMI on the service kit: To check the front communication port RJ-45.

  • Page 59: Indication Messages

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 8 Troubleshooting Table 11: Hint menu Headline Explanation Check if the following parameters are set correctly on PMUREPORT:1 ReportRate or SvcClass or RptTimetag or parameter PRIMVAL:1.FrequencySel is not set as 50Hz / 60Hz. GOOSE is configured on a disabled port At least one of the access points configured for GOOSE is disabled.

  • Page 60: Warnings

    Section 8 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Troubleshooting updated by leaving the Internal events menu and then selecting it again. The current status of the internal fault signals can also be checked via the LHMI in Main menu /Diagnostics/IED status . Different actions are taken depending on the severity of the fault.

  • Page 61: Additional Indications

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 8 Troubleshooting 8.2.3 Additional indications GUID-69561C77-50E8-45E2-B8AC-80116222B5B9 v3 The additional indication messages do not activate internal fault or warning. The messages are listed in the LHMI menu under the event list. The signal status data is found under the IED status and in the internal event list.

  • Page 62: Inspecting The Wiring

    Section 8 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Troubleshooting • Check that the function is on. • Check that the correct setting group (1 to 6) is activated. • Check if the function is blocked. • Check if the IED is in the test mode. •...
  • Page 63 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 8 Troubleshooting To set the IED to test mode, select Main menu/Test /IED test mode/TESTMODE:1 and set the parameter TestMode to On . To operate or force the output relay to operate, select Main menu/Test/Forcing /Binary output values and then navigate to the board with the actual binary output relay to be operated/forced.

  • Page 65: Glossary

    1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 9 Glossary Section 9 Glossary M14893-1 v20 Alternating current Actual channel Application configuration tool within PCM600 A/D converter Analog-to-digital converter ADBS Amplitude deadband supervision Analog digital conversion module, with time synchronization Analog input ANSI American National Standards Institute Access Point Autoreclosing...
  • Page 66 Section 9 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Glossary CMPPS Combined megapulses per second Communication Management tool in PCM600 CO cycle Close-open cycle Codirectional Way of transmitting G.703 over a balanced line. Involves two twisted pairs making it possible to transmit information in both directions Command COMTRADE Standard Common Format for Transient Data Exchange format for...
  • Page 67 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 9 Glossary Electromagnetic compatibility Electromotive force Electromagnetic interference EnFP End fault protection Enhanced performance architecture Electrostatic discharge F-SMA Type of optical fiber connector Fault number FIPS Federal Information Processing Standards Flow control bit; Frame count bit FOX 20 Modular 20 channel telecommunication system for speech, data and protection signals...
  • Page 68 Section 9 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Glossary IEC 61850 Substation automation communication standard IEC 61850–8–1 Communication protocol standard IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 802.12 A network technology standard that provides 100 Mbits/s on twisted-pair or optical fiber cable IEEE P1386.1 PCI Mezzanine Card (PMC) standard for local bus modules.
  • Page 69 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 9 Glossary Multifunction vehicle bus. Standardized serial bus originally developed for use in trains. National Control Centre Number of grid faults Numerical module OCO cycle Open-close-open cycle Overcurrent protection Optical Ethernet module OLTC On-load tap changer OTEV Disturbance data recording initiated by other event than start/pick-up Overvoltage...
  • Page 70 Section 9 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Glossary Switch or push button to close Short circuit location Station control system SCADA Supervision, control and data acquisition System configuration tool according to standard IEC 61850 Service data unit SELV circuit Safety Extra-Low Voltage circuit type according to IEC60255-27 Small form-factor pluggable (abbreviation) Optical Ethernet port (explanation) Serial communication module.
  • Page 71 1MRK 500 131-UEN Rev. C Section 9 Glossary Type identification User management tool Underreach A term used to describe how the relay behaves during a fault condition. For example, a distance relay is underreaching when the impedance presented to it is greater than the apparent impedance to the fault applied to the balance point, that is, the set reach.
  • Page 74 ABB Power Grids Sweden AB Grid Automation Products SE-721 59 Västerås, Sweden Phone +46 (0) 10 738 00 00 Scan this QR code to visit our website https://hitachiabb-powergrids.com/protection-control © 2017 - 2021 Hitachi Power Grids. All rights reserved...

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